Menstrual Cycle Overview

The menstrual cycle refers to the physiological cycle of a woman from the beginning of one menstruation to the next menstruation, usually 21-35 days, with an average of 28 days.This cycle is divided intoMenstrual phase, follicular phase, ovulation phase and luteal phaseFour stages, regulated by hormones (such as estrogen and progesterone).The menstrual period (3-7 days) is the process of shedding the endometrium; the follicular phase (about 7-10 days) follicles develop and secrete estrogen; the ovulation period (about 24 hours) eggs are released; the luteal phase (about 14 days) forms the corpus luteum and secretes progesterone.Cycle regularity reflects reproductive health, and abnormalities may indicate endocrine or gynecological problems.

The stages of the menstrual cycle explained in detail

The menstrual period is the starting point of the cycle, when the lining of the uterus is shed due to lack of pregnancy, and menstrual blood is discharged, along with possible discomfort such as abdominal pain or fatigue.The follicular phase follows, with the pituitary gland secreting follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates follicle growth, estrogen levels rise, and the endometrium thickens.During this stage, women's physical fitness and mood may gradually improve.The ovulation period is the window for pregnancy. A sudden increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers the release of eggs. Some women may experience mild abdominal pain or changes in secretions.

Hormone regulation and body changes

After ovulation, the luteal phase enters. The ruptured follicle forms the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone and estrogen to prepare for the implantation of the fertilized egg.If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum shrinks and hormone levels drop, triggering the next menstruation.Hormone fluctuations may causePremenstrual syndrome (PMS), such as breast swelling and pain, mood swings.The length of the cycle varies from person to person, but if it continues to deviate from the normal range (such as <21 days or >35 days), you need to seek medical attention to check for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disease.

Factors affecting the menstrual cycle

Lifestyle, stress, sudden weight changes, excessive exercise or poor nutrition can disrupt your cycle.For example, being underweight can lead to amenorrhea, while being obese can lead to hormone imbalances.Chronic diseases (such as diabetes), medications (such as birth control pills), and environmental toxins also play a role.Recording cycle length, menstrual volume, and symptoms can help detect abnormalities early. If irregular bleeding persists, be wary of endometrial lesions.

Summary and health advice

The menstrual cycle is the "barometer" of women's health, and regular cycles represent the coordination of the endocrine system.Maintaining a balanced diet, moderate exercise, managing stress, and having a regular schedule can help stabilize your cycle.If cycle disorders are accompanied by severe pain, heavy bleeding, or amenorrhea, you should seek medical attention promptly.Menstrual cycle apps (such as Clue and Flo) can be used to track and record, but they cannot replace professional diagnosis.Understanding the characteristics of your own cycle can better plan your life and reproductive choices.

Citing sources

1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) "Menstrual Cycle Guidelines" 2. World Health Organization (WHO) "Reproductive Health Standards" 3. Product examples: Cycle tracking App "Clue" (developed by Clue Company), "Flo" (developed by Flo Health Inc.) 4. Medical reference: Dr. Jen Gunter "The Menopause Manifesto" (hormone mechanism of action)