1. Content overview

Infertility refers to the phenomenon in which couples fail to conceive naturally for more than 1 year without taking contraceptive measures and having regular sex.According to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition, infertility is divided intoprimary infertility(never been pregnant) andsecondary infertility(pregnancy but subsequent failure).The cause is complex and may involve factors in both men and women: abnormal sperm quality is common in men, while in women it is related to ovulation disorders, fallopian tube blockage or endometrial problems.Treatment requires medications, surgery, or assisted reproductive technology (such as in vitro fertilization) depending on the specific cause.The content will expand on the definition, causes, diagnosis and treatment directions in sequence.

2. Definition and classification of infertility

Infertility is not a single disease, but a fertility disorder caused by multiple factors.medically,primary infertilityAccounting for 30%-40%, it is more common in congenital reproductive system abnormalities;secondary infertilityIt is related to miscarriage, infection or aging.According to WHO data, about 15% of couples of childbearing age worldwide suffer from this problem, of which 40% are caused by male factors, 50% are caused by female factors, and 10% are caused by common causes.For example, oligozoospermia in men and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women are common causes.Clear classification helps target treatment.

3. Main causes and risk factors

The main causes of male infertility includelow sperm count, low vitality or high malformation rate, which may be related to hormone imbalance, varicocele or bad living habits (such as smoking).The causes are more complex in women:Ovulation disorder(such as PCOS),fallopian tube obstruction(Sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease),endometriosisWait.In addition, both parties share the sameGrowing older,environmental pollutionorpsychological stressIt also reduces fertility.For example, egg quality in women over the age of 35 decreases significantly, and the DNA fragmentation rate in men's sperm increases with age.

4. Diagnosis and treatment methods

Diagnosis needs to be combined withsemen analysis,Hormone testing,Ultrasound examinationand salpingography, etc.Men can improve their lifestyle or takeClomid(Sperm production-stimulating drugs) treatment; commonly used in women with ovulation disordersletrozoleorgonadotropins.Severe cases require surgery (such as hystero-laparoscopy) or assisted reproductive technology (IVF).Domestic approved assisted reproductive drugs include Lishenbao (recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone, produced by Livzon Group). The specific selection must be based on medical advice.

5. Summary and prevention suggestions

Infertility is the result of multiple factors, and early screening and scientific intervention are key.Men should avoid hot environments (such as sitting for long periods of time), and women should pay attention to abnormal menstrual cycles.Psychological counseling is equally important, as anxiety may aggravate fertility disorders.In terms of treatment, from drugs to in vitro fertilization, individualized choices are required.Data shows that through standardized treatment, about 60%-70% of couples can ultimately achieve their fertility goals.Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and seeking medical treatment in a timely manner are the basis for coping.

Quote sources:
1. World Health Organization (WHO) "Guidelines for the Definition and Classification of Infertility"
2. "Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Infertility in China" by the Reproductive Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association
3. Drug information: Data published by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA)