How to identify suicide risk?

Identifying suicide risk requires attention to an individual's speech, behavior, changes in mood, and environmental factors. The main contents include:speech signal(such as expressing thoughts of suicide directly or indirectly),behavior(such as suddenly giving away valuable items or injuring oneself),emotional state(Chronic depression or severe mood swings) andCharacteristics of high-risk groups(such as a major trauma or mental illness). In terms of primary and secondary structure, words and behaviors are direct signals, and emotions and environment are auxiliary judgments.

Verbal signals are the most direct warning. If a person frequently mentions words such as "I don't want to live anymore" or "I'll forget about dying", or expresses indirectly such as "You don't have to worry about me anymore", you need to be highly vigilant. Additionally, suddenly talking about death, writing a suicide note, or posting negative content on social media can also be signs. This type of expression may be accompanied by depression or abnormal calmness, which requires timely intervention.

Abnormal behavior is another key indicator. Sudden packing of personal belongings, giving away property for free, drug or alcohol abuse, and self-injurious behavior (such as cutting your wrists) may indicate risks. Some people will suddenly contact relatives and friends whom they have not contacted for a long time, which is similar to a "farewell" behavior. The risk is higher if there has been a previous suicide attempt. Avoid leaving the child alone at this time and seek professional help.

Emotional and environmental factors cannot be ignored. Chronic depression, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, or a sudden "upturn" in mood (perhaps relief after deciding to commit suicide) are cause for concern. Environmentally, risks may be exacerbated by major life events (e.g., job loss, bereavement), social isolation, or chronic stress. High-risk groups include patients with mental illness, teenagers and the elderly, and their mental status needs to be assessed regularly.

Comprehensive judgment and action are crucial. After identifying risks, you should actively listen, express concern, and avoid criticizing or lecturing. Encourage the other party to seek psychological consultation or call the psychological assistance hotline (such as Beijing’s 24-hour psychological assistance hotline: 010-82951332). Accompany the patient for medical treatment when necessary. The core of prevention is early detection, professional intervention and the improvement of social support system.

Quote sources:
1. World Health Organization (WHO) "Suicide Prevention: A Global Priority" report
2. American Psychological Association (APA) Guidelines on Suicide Risk Factors
3. Data from the Psychological Crisis Intervention Center of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital